A Review of Bookkeeping and Accounting in 1945

A 1945 Vocational Guidance Film on Bookkeeping and Accounting is available for viewing online at the SEC Historical Society website. This entertaining 10-minute video was provided by courtesy of the Prelinger Archives, United States Library of Congress. It discusses a variety of matters including the household budget book, business bookkeeping, the role of the bookkeeper compared to that of the accountant, an accounting department, calculating and bookkeeping machines, cost accounting, special investigations, preparing tax returns and business principles. It also distinguishes a private accountant from a public accountant (such as a CPA) who should have a pleasing personality, a strong moral character and legible handwriting.

 

AICPA - Evolution of a Profession

The American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA) was formed in 1887 and is celebrating its 125th anniversary in 2012. As part of the celebration, this short video (about 6 minutes), called “Evolution of a Profession,” reviews the history of the accounting profession from its origins 8,000 years ago to present day.

Celebrating the AICPA's 125th anniversary

As noted in the previous posting, the AICPA has reached a remarkable milestone: being one of the few organizations to celebrate 125 years. The CPA profession has changed a lot during this period. Throughout the year 2012, the AICPA and its members will be celebrating this special anniversary and reflecting on the history of the CPA profession. Since people are what make a profession, members have been asked to submit their thoughts on what the AICPA means to them and the value of being part of a strong CPA profession.


To celebrate the AICPA's 125th anniversary, a new section of the website has been created. Numerous commemorative materials and activities have been developed to help members take a journey through the profession's history. The 125th celebration is as much a reflection of the past as it is an opportunity to envision what lies ahead. Much has changed in the last 125 years, and those changes have created today's profession. The current issues will create the profession of the future.

Listen to the video message from AICPA President & CEO, Barry Melancon, CPA, CGMA, commemorating the 125th Anniversary. Also, browse the 125th Anniversary edition of the Journal of Accountancy and Test your CPA history knowledge.

AICPA 125th Anniversary: Overcoming Challenges

The American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA) celebrates its 125^th anniversary in 2012. Founded in 1887, the AICPA is the national professional organization of Certified Public Accountants (CPAs) in the United States, with more than 350,000 CPA members in 128 countries in business and industry, public practice, government and education. It sets ethical standards for the profession and auditing standards for audits of private companies, non-profit organizations, federal, state and local governments. The AICPA’s founding established accountancy as a profession distinguished by rigorous educational requirements, high professional standards, a strict code of professional ethics, and a commitment to serving the public interest.

According to the AICPA Insights blog, the history of the profession includes a long tradition of successfully overcoming challenges. “Throughout our nearly 125 years, we have been a proactive profession that seeks out opportunities for growth and improvement. The latest example is CPA Horizons 2025, a landmark project that continues the valuable work of the profession’s Vision Process in the late 1990s and charts a course for the profession over the next 15 years. Among other key areas, Horizons 2025 focused on the increasing impact that technology will have on our world and on our profession. Since technology can automate so many of the tasks that we perform, it has allowed us to raise our game and reinforce our roles as trusted business advisors.”

In celebration of its 125th anniversary, the AICPA will highlight the CPA profession’s financial literacy expertise in a consumer-focused book. The book content will be a collection of personal essays showcasing the many ways CPAs transform financial lives. In this regard, the AICPA is looking for real-world saving and spending stories and tales of both money struggles and triumph to help families get a handle on their finances and teach good habits to children. The goal is to publish the book in the same style as the Chicken Soup for the Soul series in Fall 2012. That will coincide with the AICPA’s 125th anniversary and take advantage of the moment to highlight the CPA profession in the public. This book will be the AICPA’s first consumer publication and the first book published as part of the “360 Degrees of Financial Literacy” program.

Indiana CPAs - In the beginning …

Before there was a tax code (1913), before there was a Department of Labor (1913), before the SEC (1935) and before the PCAOB (2002), even before audits, there were CPAs (New York – 1896). How did the profession rise to the level of prominence in business without license to do something specific?

What were the requirements in 1915? Well … you had to be 21 years old, a high school graduate, have three years of experience as a professional accountant and submit “proof” of all of that to the newly created “state board of certified accountants”. Then, per Indiana law, “shall be granted without examination a certificate authorizing him to practice as a certified public accountant”. Of course this had to be done within 90 days. After that you would have had to take an examination. The early CPAs were grandfathered. That is how the profession got its start.

The first accounting standards were issued somewhere around 1938, and by 1959 there were 51 pronouncements known as Accounting Research Bulletins – this eventually became GAAP. The pronouncements were issued by the Committee on Accounting Procedure (CAP). The first auditing standards were issued in 1939 by the American Institute of Accountants committee on auditing procedure. In 1941, the SEC mandated that the auditor’s report had to be made in accordance with GAAP (they didn’t do that in 1935 because there was no GAAP).

To learn more, read the article “In the beginning …” posted on the Indiana CPA Society blog on February 16, 2012 by Gary Bolinger.