The future of corporate reporting: a review article (2000)

 

In a research article published in 2000, Professor Vivien Beattie noted that: “Significant changes in the corporate external reporting environment have led to proposals for fundamental changes in corporate reporting practices. Recent influential reports by major organisations have suggested that a variety of new information types be reported, in particular forward-looking, non-financial and soft information.”

This paper presents a review and synthesis of these reports and provides a framework for classifying and describing suggested information types. The academic antecedents for certain current proposals are identified and the ambiguous relationship between research and practice is explored. The implications for future academic research are discussed and a research agenda is introduced.

For additional insight, read the article “The future of corporate reporting: a review article” by Vivien Beattie published in the Irish Accounting Review 2000, 7(1), pages 1-36. As well, refer to the 1991 landmark research study called Information to be included in the Annual Report to Shareholders published by the Canadian Institute of Chartered Accountants (CICA). This 317-page study was drafted by J. Paul-Emile Roy, CA under the direction of a seven-member Study Group chaired by Gerald Trites, FCA.

The Evolution of US GAAP, Part II: 1973-2004

This article, the second of a two-part commentary about accounting standards setting, chronicles the rising importance of financial accounting standards in different sectors of the US economy, which has led to increasing special-interest lobbying for accounting standards with characteristics compatible with the desired outcomes. Financial accounting standards affect the US economy in many ways, both in the aggregate and in the distribution of income, wealth and risk. This commentary captures many of the key issues that have preoccupied standards setters, and especially identifies the efforts of the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) to implement an asset-and-liability approach to recognition and a fair-value approach to measurement.

According to the author, “When a highly prescriptive standards setter is coupled with a rigorous enforcement process used by a government regulator to secure compliance with accounting standards, especially in a confrontational society such as the United States, companies and even branches of government will lobby the standards setter not to approve standards that interfere with their business plans and strategies. This is what has happened increasingly in the United States since the 1970s, and there is no sign that, on sensitive and controversial issues, it will diminish in intensity or frequency.”

(Read more in the article “The Evolution of U.S. GAAP: The Political Forces Behind Professional Standards (Part II)” by Stephen A. Zeff, PhD, in the February 2005 issue of The CPA Journal online.)

The Evolution of US GAAP, Part 1: 1930-1973

In 2005, The CPA Journal marked its 75th anniversary by publishing an assessment of the path of accounting standards setting over the previous 75 years. This commentary on the evolution of US GAAP was presented in two parts.

The first part covers the years from 1930 to 1973. The second part covers the years from 1973 to 2004. The focus is deliberately on incidents that represented important changes in practice or in the way in which accounting principles and standards were set.



Read about the history of US accounting standards in the article “The Evolution of U.S. GAAP: The Political Forces Behind Professional Standards” by Stephen A. Zeff, PhD, in the January 2005 issue of The CPA Journal online.

Evolution of US Generally Accepted Accounting Principles - 1930 to 2004

The accounting history paper Evolution of US Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) was prepared by Stephen A. Zeff, Rice University. The paper outlines noteworthy developments in US GAAP from 1930 to 2004. The focus is deliberately on those incidents that represented important changes in practice or in the way that accounting principles or standards were set. These incidents are typically ones for which interesting ‘stories’ can be told about the underlying factors that led to the developments. Many of these stories involve efforts by the preparers of financial statements, or by a branch of government, to engage in ‘political’ lobbying in order to promote their narrow interests; for example, to present a more favourable earnings picture or to promote the effectiveness of government fiscal policy. Yet many US accounting standards have been issued that truly reflect the application of sound concepts, undiluted by ‘political’ lobbying. Because these principled standards have emerged in a natural progression from the underlying concepts, their stories are not as ‘interesting’ as those that were driven by ‘political’ lobbying. (Stephen A. Zeff was inducted into the Accounting Hall of Fame in 2002.)

International Convergence of Accounting Standards—A Brief History

International convergence of accounting standards is not a new idea. The concept of convergence first arose in the late 1950s in response to post World War II economic integration and related increases in cross-border capital flows. Initial efforts focused on harmonization—reducing differences among the accounting principles used in the world’s major capital markets. By the 1990s, the idea of harmonizing accounting standards was replaced by the concept of convergence—the development of a single set of high-quality, international accounting standards that would be used in at least all major capital markets. (Refer to the FASB website for a chronology of some of the key events in the evolution of the international convergence of accounting standards.)